What caused the east-west distortion on early maps?
Answer: Difficulty in accurately measuring time
What is one of the three government agencies responsible for researching, drafting, and publishing nautical charts?
What is one of the three government agencies responsible for researching, drafting, and publishing nautical charts?
Answer: Accept any of the following: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Ocean service (NOS); OR Department of Commerce
In which ocean is the Beaufort gyre located?
In which ocean is the Beaufort gyre located?
Answer: Arctic Ocean OR Arctic
Which country has the longest continuous coastline?
Which country has the longest continuous coastline?
Answer: Canada
In which ocean would you find the Gulf Stream?
In which ocean would you find the Gulf Stream?
Answer: The North Atlantic
What body of water lies between Saudi Arabia and Egypt?
What body of water lies between Saudi Arabia and Egypt?
Answer: Red Sea OR Gulf of Aqaba
About 41 percent of U.S marine waters are protected in some way, but what percent is considered highly protected in no-take MPAs to protect sensitive species and habitats?
About 41 percent of U.S marine waters are protected in some way, but what percent is considered highly protected in no-take MPAs to protect sensitive species and habitats?
Answer: Three
When navigating at sea one must be aware of the difference between true north and magnetic north. What is the term given to this difference?
When navigating at sea one must be aware of the difference between true north and magnetic north. What is the term given to this difference?
Answer: The difference (or correction) is called the magnetic declination.
The knot, a unit of speed, is equal to how many nautical miles per hour?
The knot, a unit of speed, is equal to how many nautical miles per hour?
Answer: One
Which U.S. state has the greatest amount of oceanic coastline, with more miles of coastline than all the rest of the United States combined?
Which U.S. state has the greatest amount of oceanic coastline, with more miles of coastline than all the rest of the United States combined?
Answer: Alaska
Which river connects lake Erie and Lake Ontario
Which river connects lake Erie and Lake Ontario
Answer: Niagara River OR Niagara
What is the longest coral reef system in the world?
What is the longest coral reef system in the world?
Answer: Great Barrier Reef
What ocean basin is the smallest?
What ocean basin is the smallest?
Answer: Arctic OR Arctic Ocean
What name is given to the area where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge?
What name is given to the area where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge?
Answer: Intertropical Convergence Zone
What are the two major types of deep-sea oozes?
What are the two major types of deep-sea oozes?
Answer: Calcareous AND siliceous
What are isolated volcanic peaks in the ocean called?
What are isolated volcanic peaks in the ocean called?
Answer: Seamounts
What causes the flat top of a guyot?
What causes the flat top of a guyot?
Answer: A forming volcano rises above the sea level and its top gets eroded as it is exposed to wave action above the sea surface
What is one major difference between a gabbro and a basalt?
What is one major difference between a gabbro and a basalt?
Answer: A basalt has smaller crystals OR is cooled more quickly than a gabbro. The difference lies in the crystal size resulting from different cooling rates.
What geologic period do we currently live in?
What geologic period do we currently live in?
Answer: Quaternary
What process caused worldwide sea levels to rise starting 18,000 years ago?
What process caused worldwide sea levels to rise starting 18,000 years ago?
Answer: Melting of large ice sheets at the end of the last ice age
What is the term for the deepest zone of the benthic province?
What is the term for the deepest zone of the benthic province?
Answer: Hadal (hey-dahl) zone
What are two types of divergent plate boundaries?
What are two types of divergent plate boundaries?
-Oceanic (Mid-Ocean ridge)
-Continental (rift valley)
New sea floor is created by what kind of major tectonic process?
New sea floor is created by what kind of major tectonic process?
Answer: Sea-floor spreading
What process often occurs on the seaward side of seawalls?
What process often occurs on the seaward side of seawalls?
Answer: Erosion
The fiery phenomenon sailors saw glowing on ship masts and riggings during an electrical storm is named after what saint?
The fiery phenomenon sailors saw glowing on ship masts and riggings during an electrical storm is named after what saint?
Answer: Elmo OR Saint Elmo
What was the name of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's ship which was trapped in Antarctic ice for two years?
What was the name of Captain Robert Falcon Scott's ship which was trapped in Antarctic ice for two years?
Answer: The HMS Discovery
Which NOAA office is responsible for productive and sustainable fisheries, safe sources of seafood, the recovery and conservation of protected resources, and healthy ecosystems?
Which NOAA office is responsible for productive and sustainable fisheries, safe sources of seafood, the recovery and conservation of protected resources, and healthy ecosystems?
Answer: National Marine Fisheries Service OR NMFS
What is meant by the "Tragedy of the Commons", with respect to fish stocks?
What is meant by the "Tragedy of the Commons", with respect to fish stocks?
Answer: The depletion, and ultimately the collapse, of a limited resource, such as fish stocks when individuals act selfishly to maximize personal gains
What is the name of the ship used by the ocean Drilling Program or ODP?
What is the name of the ship used by the ocean Drilling Program or ODP?
Answer: JOIDES Resolution (or just Resolution)
What is the primary function of a boom during an oil spill?
What is the primary function of a boom during an oil spill?
Answer: To contain or collect oil from surface waters
What study used resources from nearly 30 countries to make unprecedented in-situ and satellite observations of the global ocean between 1990 and 1998 and to observe poorly-understood but important physical processes?
What study used resources from nearly 30 countries to make unprecedented in-situ and satellite observations of the global ocean between 1990 and 1998 and to observe poorly-understood but important physical processes?
Answer: World Ocean Circulation Experiment OR WOCE
Who was the scientist who proposed a new theory of sea floor spreading in 1962, based on a set of new charts of the ocean floor?
Who was the scientist who proposed a new theory of sea floor spreading in 1962, based on a set of new charts of the ocean floor?
Answer: Harry Hess
What effect does the El Nino Southern Oscillation have on the fishing industries in the Northern hemisphere?
What effect does the El Nino Southern Oscillation have on the fishing industries in the Northern hemisphere?
Answer: It can disrupt upwelling in the Pacific by bringing warmer water to the coast that consequently affects fish species
What is the name of the vessel that was first used to dive to the bottom of the Marianas
What is the name of the vessel that was first used to dive to the bottom of the Marianas
Answer: The Trieste
Greenwich Mean Time was formerly used as the international civil time standard. what has officially superseded GMT in that function?
Greenwich Mean Time was formerly used as the international civil time standard. what has officially superseded GMT in that function?
Answer: Coordinated Universal Time or UTC
Can the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, which measures sea surface temperature by detecting electromagnetic radiation from the ocean, measure it at night? Why or Why not?
Can the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, which measures sea surface temperature by detecting electromagnetic radiation from the ocean, measure it at night? Why or Why not?
Answer: Yes, the AVHRR senses temperature by the infrared energy emitted passively from the ocean. Because passive infrared emissions are not dependent on visible solar illumination, SSTs can be determined at night.
Place the following FIVE navigational advances in correct chronological order of discovery: magnetic compass, chronometer, Global Positioning System, astrolabe, gyrocompass
Place the following FIVE navigational advances in correct chronological order of discovery: magnetic compass, chronometer, Global Positioning System, astrolabe, gyrocompass
Answer: 1 - magnetic compass, 2-astrolabe, 3- chronometer, 4- gyrocompass, 5- Global Positioning System (GPS)
What was invented in the late 1700's that allowed explorers to calculate their longitude?
What was invented in the late 1700's that allowed explorers to calculate their longitude?
Answer: Marine Chronometer
What does a transmissometer measure?
What does a transmissometer measure?
Answer: Water clarity or transparency
The telemetry and power to the Hawaii-2 Observatory were made available via a retired telephone cable from what company?
The telemetry and power to the Hawaii-2 Observatory were made available via a retired telephone cable from what company?
Answer: AT & T
Which science predicts and tabulates positions of heavenly bodies so as to be useful in celestial navigation?
Which science predicts and tabulates positions of heavenly bodies so as to be useful in celestial navigation?
Answer: Nautical astronomy
Why are small current meter sometimes attached to sampling nets?
Why are small current meter sometimes attached to sampling nets?
Answer: To measure the volume of water that passed through the net OR to determine the distance the net was towed
What type of vessel, used in the 1960s and 1970s, evolved from the design of a catamaran and was used as oceanographic research vessels or submarine rescue ships?
What type of vessel, used in the 1960s and 1970s, evolved from the design of a catamaran and was used as oceanographic research vessels or submarine rescue ships?
Answer: SWATH OR Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull
What would you measure with a CTD?
What would you measure with a CTD?
Answer: Conductivity (salinity), temperature, pressure (not depth)
What is the most accurate navigational system in the south Indian Ocean?
What is the most accurate navigational system in the south Indian Ocean?
Answer: Satellite navigation
Aside from the fact that it makes less noise than does an open circuit SCUBA system, what is another major advantage to divers of the 'rebreather' system?
Aside from the fact that it makes less noise than does an open circuit SCUBA system, what is another major advantage to divers of the 'rebreather' system?
Answer: The rebreather system requires much smaller gas supplies OR is less bulky
What type of thermometer is used to measure temperature in deep water?
What type of thermometer is used to measure temperature in deep water?
Answer: A reversing thermometer
What submarine was used in the discovery of the Galapagos hydrothermal vents in the late 1970's
What submarine was used in the discovery of the Galapagos hydrothermal vents in the late 1970's
Answer: Alvin
Why is electric propulsion desirable for use in submarine vehicles?
Why is electric propulsion desirable for use in submarine vehicles?
Answer: Electric propulsion/power does not depend on combustion so it is air-independent. Also acceptable: it is more compact
What two chemical species are principally responsible for buffering seawater?
What two chemical species are principally responsible for buffering seawater?
Answer: Carbonate and Bicarbonate
The surface waters of the ocean are frequently supersaturated with regard to oxygen. What two processes might account for oxygen supersaturation?
The surface waters of the ocean are frequently supersaturated with regard to oxygen. What two processes might account for oxygen supersaturation?
Answer: Accept any 2 of the following: Photosynthetic production of oxygen; injection of air bubbles during storm mixing; water has warmed, oxygen content has not resumed equilibrium
What effect is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration likely to have on pH?
What effect is the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration likely to have on pH?
Answer: pH will decrease
What are two sources of NEW nutrients to the ocean?
What are two sources of NEW nutrients to the ocean?
Answer: Accept any 2 of the following: River inputs, Atmospheric inputs (dust, fixed nitrogen from lightning), In-situ nitrogen fixation, Underwater volcanoes, Nitrification
How does the pH change as one goes from fresh water to the marine environment?
How does the pH change as one goes from fresh water to the marine environment?
Answer: The pH increases
What process distributes heat in water when said water is heated from below?
What process distributes heat in water when said water is heated from below?
Answer: Convection
Why does water boil and freeze at temperatures very different from other substance having similar molecular weights?
Why does water boil and freeze at temperatures very different from other substance having similar molecular weights?
Answer: Hydrogen bonding between water molecules
What is one potential anthropogenic source of nitrogen to a coastal marine environment?
What is one potential anthropogenic source of nitrogen to a coastal marine environment?
Answer: Accept any of the following: Power plant exhaust, Automobile emissions, Sewage treatment plant, Stormwater Runoff, CAFO (concentrated animal feeding operations) OR Flooding
What is the traditional unit of ocean water salinity?
What is the traditional unit of ocean water salinity?
Answer: parts per thousand by weight or gram/kilogram
In the deepest ocean basins, there is no light for photosynthesis, but there is plenty of dissolved oxygen. Where does that oxygen come from?
In the deepest ocean basins, there is no light for photosynthesis, but there is plenty of dissolved oxygen. Where does that oxygen come from?
Answer: In high latitudes, oxygen dissolves into surface cold waters which subsequently sink and become bottom water of the ocean basins. (Note to Judge: Need to say high latitude and or cold)
How do capillary waves aid in the formation of larger waves?
How do capillary waves aid in the formation of larger waves?
Answer: Capillary waves increase the roughness (hence increase the surface area for wind contact) of the ocean surface
How does an increase in pressure affect sound velocity?
How does an increase in pressure affect sound velocity?
Answer: As pressure (or depth) increases, sound velocity increases
What are the names for the two glacial periods in an ice age?
What are the names for the two glacial periods in an ice age?
Answer: Stadials (STEY -dee-uhls) AND Interstadials
Zooxanthellae, which have a symbiotic relationship with coral polyps, provide energy for the algae through which process?
Zooxanthellae, which have a symbiotic relationship with coral polyps, provide energy for the algae through which process?
Answer: Photosynthesis
Why are areas of high primary and secondary production associated with upwelling zones?
Why are areas of high primary and secondary production associated with upwelling zones?
Answer: These are areas where cold, nutrient-rich waters are bought up from the depths and essentially fertilize the surface waters.
What are the two taxonomic superfamilies of nudibranchs?
What are the two taxonomic superfamilies of nudibranchs?
Answer: Dorids (or Doridoidea) AND aeolids (or Aeolidioidea)
What is one function of marine bacteria in a food web?
What is one function of marine bacteria in a food web?
Answer: Accept any of the following: they recycle nutrients; they are decomposers; they are a food source for any other organisms
What type of relationship exists when both organisms benefit, such as the cleaner shrimp and large reef fish
What type of relationship exists when both organisms benefit, such as the cleaner shrimp and large reef fish
Answer: Mutualism
After a centric diatom has divided several times, a daughter cell reaches a critical size that is too small for further division. How then do they reproduce?
After a centric diatom has divided several times, a daughter cell reaches a critical size that is too small for further division. How then do they reproduce?
Answer: They reproduce sexually (This is the ONLY right answer)
What is one way that an algal bloom can cause fish die-offs?
What is one way that an algal bloom can cause fish die-offs?
Answer: By releasing toxins which are ingested by the OR by using up all the oxygen in water, so that the fish die from lack of oxygen (either answer is acceptable)
What three factors regulate primary production?
What three factors regulate primary production?
Answer: Sunlight, grazing (consumption by herbivores), Nutrient /trace element availability
What type of tissue, filled with air spaces for buoyancy in the water, is found in hydrophytes?
What type of tissue, filled with air spaces for buoyancy in the water, is found in hydrophytes?
Answer: Aerenchyma
The salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora is an example of which type of plant that grows in highly saline waters?
The salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora is an example of which type of plant that grows in highly saline waters?
Answer: Halophyte
How many appendages does a decapod have?
How many appendages does a decapod have?
Answer: 10
What is the second largest whale in the world
What is the second largest whale in the world
Answer: Fin Whale or Fin
What are two human ailments caused by phytoplanktonic toxins which become concentrated in the tissues of edible shellfish?
What are two human ailments caused by phytoplanktonic toxins which become concentrated in the tissues of edible shellfish?
Answer: Accept any 2 of the following: Paralytic shellfish poisoning, amnesic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning
What are two reasons why non-native species are harmful to marine ecosystems?
What are two reasons why non-native species are harmful to marine ecosystems?
Answer: Accept any 2 of the following they may carry diseases; they may compete with natives; they may have no natural predators; they may consume important native species
How do snapping shrimp make their characteristic noise?
How do snapping shrimp make their characteristic noise?
Answer: Collapse of the bubble created by the shrimp's claw. (Must say that there is a bubble collapse)
What are two stressors that affect rocky coast, intertidal organisms?
What are two stressors that affect rocky coast, intertidal organisms?
Answer: Accept any 2 of the following: dessication, temperature variation, salinity extremes, high wave energy, sun exposure, predation, log battering, or ice sour
Why do corals, which are animals, require high light levels?
Why do corals, which are animals, require high light levels?
Answer: The endosymbiotic alga, zooxanthallae (ZOO-zan-theh-lay) in the animals need light for photosynthesis.
The length of time you should spend on a workout depends on the
The length of time you should spend on a workout depends on the
Answer: Intensity of the workout
Your target heart rate for endurance exercise is a range based on your
Your target heart rate for endurance exercise is a range based on your
Answer: Maximum heart rate
One of the easiest ways to determine appropriate endurance exercise intensity involves measuring
One of the easiest ways to determine appropriate endurance exercise intensity involves measuring
Answer: Heart rate
Exercise duration refers to
Exercise duration refers to
Answer: How long your exercise session is
Exercise intensity refers to
Exercise intensity refers to
Answer: How hard you work
Exercise frequency refers to
Exercise frequency refers to
Answer: The number of times per week you exercise
To develop a particular fitness component, you must perform exercises that are designed particularly for that component. This is referred to as
To develop a particular fitness component, you must perform exercises that are designed particularly for that component. This is referred to as
Answer: Specificity
Which of the following statements about high-intensity interval training is accurate?
Which of the following statements about high-intensity interval training is accurate?
Answer: It may cause overuse injuries in unfit people over the long-term
Which of the following statements about exercise programs is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about exercise programs is TRUE?
Answer: The best exercise programs promote health and are fun
Which of the following statements about the effects of exercise of psychological and emotional well-being is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about the effects of exercise of psychological and emotional well-being is FALSE?
Answer: Exercise creates mood swings
Regular physical activity is linked to all of the following EXCEPT
Regular physical activity is linked to all of the following EXCEPT
Answer: Reduced self-esteem
Exercise tends to result in all of the following EXCEPT
Exercise tends to result in all of the following EXCEPT
Answer: Decreased insulin sensitivity
Which of the following statements BEST describes the effect of endurance exercise on lipids?
Which of the following statements BEST describes the effect of endurance exercise on lipids?
Answer: It increases HDL and decreases LDL
High levels of which of the following are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?
High levels of which of the following are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?
Answer: High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Which of the following statements about the effects of cardiovascular exercise on metabolism and body composition is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about the effects of cardiovascular exercise on metabolism and body composition is FALSE?
Answer: It can result in substantial weight gain due to increase in muscle mass
Endurance exercise significantly increases
Endurance exercise significantly increases
Answer: Daily calorie expenditure
Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is
Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is
Answer: Planned, structured, and repetitive
Flexibility is best described as
Flexibility is best described as
Answer: The ability of joints to move through their full range of motion
Muscular endurance is the
Muscular endurance is the
Answer: Ability to resist fatigue and sustain a given level of muscular tension
Muscular strength is the
Muscular strength is the
Answer: Amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort
Which of the following statements about the effects of improved cardiorespiratory fitness is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about the effects of improved cardiorespiratory fitness is FALSE?
Answer: Resting blood pressure increases
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)